Internal-combustion engine



June Q, H925 1,54192239 J. A. H. BARKELJ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE :Sis

' Inventor; efean, Jar/cei;

Patented June 9, 1925.

JEAN A. TT. BABKEIJ, or

Application STATES 1,541,239 PATENT orricis.

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To (1N whom 'it may concern Be it known that l, JEAN A.

a subject ot Holland.

H. BARiiniJ, residing at Los Angeles, in the county ot Los Angeles andState ot California, hare invented a new and useful Internal-Conibustion Engine, ot

which a speciticationv is set t'orth below.

In this spccil'ication,

and the accompanying drawing, l shall describe and show a preferredforniv ot' my citically mention certa portant objects. l do the formsdisclosed, si

and adaptations may be troni the out departing invention, and spein ot'its more imnot liinit myself to nce various changes made thereinwithessence ol my iiivention as hereinafter claiinedgland objects andadvantages, other than thosel specitlcallyY mentioned, are includedwithin its scope.

My `invention relates tion engines ot' the four its principal objects aito internal combuscycle type. Among 'e, to accomplish the,

introduction of full charges of the explosive mixture when the engine isrunning at very high speeds;

ciprocating masses so second, to measure the inertia forces exerted hythe rehalance in a large as to eective'ly reduce vibration and permitot' high operating and, third, to

speeds relatively sults in a adapted tor secure the above resnnpleconstruction delivering a large amount of power in proportion to itsdimensions and weight.

My objects are attained in the manner illustrated in the accompanyingdrawing, in

which- Figure 1 is a central cross section of a complete engine ot myimproved construe.

tion, in elevation;

YFigure 2 is an elevational cross section of the upper portion of one ofthe cylinders ot this engine, taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1 j.

and

Figure 3 is a the engine in plan,

ot' Figs. 1 and 2.

cross section of a portion ot taken on the line 3-3 Similar referencenumerals refer to s'iinilar parts throughout the several views.

The tirst of my stated objects is secured by pre-compressing theexplosive mixture so that it is admitted tothe cylinders under apressure sutli'cient to insure charge will be taken speed of which theengine is capable.

that a Yfull in at any operating The second object is accomplished byconnecting the coinpicssion mean s to cranks diametfiied January i5,i924. seriaiyno. 686,320.

i'ically opposed to the so that the respective reciprocating massesalways move in opposite directions. By properly propoitioning thesemasses with respect to their travel it is possible to balance theirinertia eli'ects quite closely.

'lhe embodiment ot' my invention selected l'or illustrative purposescomprises a typical ari'aiigeiiiciit having two power cylinders 4 and o.Two cylinders, or multiples of two arranged as cti-operating pairs, arealways required. lVitliin the power cylinders are pistons (3 of ordinaryforni, operatively con.- neeted to crank shaft T by connecting rods S.lt is lo he noted that the cranks to which these rods' arer connectedare in the saine angular position relative to the crank shaft instead ofbeing opposed according to the customary practice in two cylinderarrangements.

Power pistons instead of heilig opposed by tixed cylinder heads, re-actagainst opposed pistons 9 adapted to reciprocate in the upper portion ottheir respective cylinders. Jl`hese reaction pistons are enlarged attheV top and in elt'ec't constitute a part otl the large compressionpistons 10, adapted to reciprocate in the large compression cylinders11, which are co-axial with the power cylinders below them. Cylinderheads 12 are provided with central cupped portions 13 adaptedto enterthe trunks of pistons 9 and thus reduce the compression space to thedesired amount. They do not, however, tit the trunks very closely sothat an annular space 14 always establishes communication between theinteriors of the trunks and cylinders 11.

Compression pistons 10 in each case are operatively connected to thecrank shaft of the engine by means of. a diainetrcally arranged pair otconnecting rods 15 pivoted to the skirts of these pistons as at 16. Thecranks to which these connecting rods are attached are all in the sameangular position relative to the crank shaft, and diametrically oppositeto the main power cranks to which connecting rods 8 are attached. Thethrow of the compression cranks is smaller than the throw of the powercranks and as nearly as possible in inverse proportion to the squareroot of the masses of their attached reciprocating parts. The vibrationproducing tendencies ot the reciprocating masses is largelycounterbalanced in this main power cranks,l

- 25 pistons 1() a vacuum manner, and much higher engine speeds thanwould ordinarily be permissible are thus obtainable.

The combustion and expansion of the explosive mixture takes place in thespaces 17 between pistons 6 and 9, and cach of these mutually reactingrpistons delivers power to the crank shaft of the engine proportionate totheir travel. The compressed nnxture is l 10 admitted into spaces 17 atthe proper times through automatic valves 18 and 1i) in pistons 9 in amanner that will be explained presently. The mixture is fired by sparkplugs 20, and the burned gases are exhausted through mechanicallyoperated valves 21 and ports 22. Intake of explosive mixture into thecompression cylinders is accomplished through ports 23 which are openedand closed by the movement of the compression pistons 10. A port 24establishes communication between the two compression cylinders. Myengine operates in the following@r manff ner: Upon the downstrolm ofcompression is created in their Cylinders and explosive.mixture is drawnin through ports Q3 as soon as these are uncovered by the pistons. Theoperatin;r parts are then in the positions shown in the drawings. Thesucceeding upward stroke of pistons 1'() first closes ports` Q25 andthen comresses the explosive mixture above them. iuring this same periodpower pistons G have moved downward. This movement vhas created apartial vacuum in space 17 in one case, say in cylinder 4, and thisvacuum, aided by the pressure in the two intercommunicating compressioncylinders, causes valve 18 to open and admit the compressed 4" mixtureinto space 17 of the left hand power cylinder. In the case otl the otherpower cylinder 5, the downstroke of the power piston has resulted fromthe explosion and expension of the combustible mixture therein amplepressure in its space 17 to prevent automatic valve 19 from opening.

The next half revolution of the crank shaft is accompanied by a downwardmovement of the .compression pistons and an upward movement of the powerpistons. At the ends of these strokes fresh mixture is drawn into thecompression cylinders, and the mixture previously introduced in space 17of the left hand power cylinder has been highly compressed and is readyto beiired. During the following half revolution of the crank shaft thegas in space 17 of the left hand power cylinderl is exploded andexpanded and power is delivered to the crank shaft of the engine 5y thepressure exerted on opposed pistons 6 and 9 of the left hand cylinder.New mixture is also compressed at this time above pistons 10. The nexthalf 05 revolution of the crank shaft is accompanied and, throughout thestroke, there has been by the exhaust of the burned gases in cylinder 4and taking in a fresh supply of new mixture in the compressioncylinders.

The double revolution of the crank shaft, with'the corresponding,rfunctions of its co'- operatingr parts just described, completes a cycleof operations in cylinder 4. and the performance. is then repeatedindefinitely. Obviously the same series of operations takes places inthe right hand jlinder ot' the engine, but the cycles of'the right handand left hand cylinders are displaced 3G() degrees with respect to eachother. One power cylinder is thus engaged in compression as the otherexhausts, and fires as the other completes its exhaust stroke.

It will be noted that the power cylinders 4 and 5 operate on a fourstroke cycle and that the compression cylinders above them operate on atwo stroke cycle. Both the compression cylinders deliver compressed gasto one power cylinder at a time, alternately, by means of theintcrcommunicatingf port 24.

I desire to call attention to the fact that the arrangement of parts asherein shown and fdcscrlbed permits ot having a water jacket .25completely surrounding the power c vlinders throughout the whole oftheir operative length. These cylinders may be cast integral with casing2G ot' the engine and be supported therefrom by means ot' webs 27.

It is also to be noted that, although power is consumed inpre-compressing the explosive mixture in my engine, there may be anexcess of power for this purpose sup-v plied during half of eachrevolution of the crank shaft beneath one of the two compressionpistons. For this reason the net result of the operation of thecompression pistons may be to deliver more power to the crank shaft thanthey take therefrom.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising; an adjacent pair ofcylinders with power pistons therein, and directly intercommunicatingcounterbores; a pair of differential pistons opposed the power pistonsadapted for compressingr explosive mixture in said counterbores; andmeans for introducinpr and firing the thus compressed explosivemixturebetween said power and compression pistons; said power pistonsbeing adapted forA reciprocating in the same-direction. and oppositelythe compression pistons.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising; an adjacent pair of cvlindersl with, power pistons therein` and directly intereommunicatingcounterbores; a pair of dif-i ferential pistons opposed the powerpistons adapted for compressingr explosive mixture in said counterbores;and automatic valves in said differential pistons whereby the thuscompressed explosive mixture may be introduced between them and thepower pistons; the' pistons of each class being adapted forreciprocating in the same direction oppositely the other class.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising; an adjacent pair otcylinders with power pistons'therein, and directly intercommunicatingcounter-bores; a pair of differential pistons opposed the power pistonsadapted for compressing explosive mixture in said counterbores; andautomatic valves in said differential pistons whereby the thuscompressed explosive mixture may be introduced between them and thepower pistons; the pistons of each class being adapted for reciprocatingin the same direction oppositely the other class, and all said pistonsbeing operatively connected to a common crank shaft with their relativethrows substantially in inverse proportion to the square roots of theirrespective reciprocating masses.

4. An internal combustion engine coniprising; a pair of cylinders withpower pistons adapted for four-cycle operation therein, andinter-communicating counterbores; a pair of differential pistons opposedthe power pistons adapted for two-cycle compression of explosive mixturein said counterbores; and automatic valves in said differential pistonswhereby the explosive mixture may be introduced bethus compressed ytween them and the power pistons; the pistons of each'class beingadapted for reciprocating in the same direction oppositely the otherclass.

'5. An internal combustion engine comprising; a pair of cylinders withpower pistons adapted for four-cycle operation therein, andinter-communicating counterbores; a pair of differential pistons opposedthe power pistons adapted .for two-cycle compression of explosivemixture in said counterbores; and automatie'i-'alves iu saiddifferential pistons whereby the, thus compressed explosive mixture maybe introduced between them and the power pistons; the pistons of eachclass being adapted for reciprocating in the same direction oppositelythe other class, and all ot said pistons being operatively connected toa common crank shaft.

6'. An internal combustion engine comprising; a compression chamberhaving piston means therein for two-cycle compression o explosivemixture; a pair of power cylinders with pistons therein, adapted forfour-cycle operation; and automatic means for introducing and firingthuscompressed explosive mixture in said power cylinders alternai-ely;said compression piston means being adapted for direct actuation by theexploded charges in said power cylinders.

JEAN A. H. BARKEIJ.

